What is the ruling of keeping dogs in the Shariah?

What is the ruling of keeping dogs in the Shariah?

In the name of Allah,the most Compassionate and Merciful

 Assalamu alaikum,

Having a dog as a pet is prohibitively disliked (makruh tahriman).  However, there is no harm in acquiring a hunting dog, or a guard dog to protect one’s sheep or property.  [Al-Hadiyyah al-’Alaiyyah 347]

Itis related by Abu Huraira (Allah be well pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “Whoever acquires a dog, with the exception of a dog for hunting, or guarding sheep, or protecting the harvest, then a large portion of his reward will be diminished every day.” [Reported by Bukhari and Muslim]

Abu Talha relates (Allah be well pleased with him), that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said, “The angels do not enter a house that has a dog or a picture.” [Reported by Bukhari and Muslim]

It is mentioned in al-Fatawa al-Hindiyya, that one should not keep a dog unless they fear a thief or fear anything else.  One should know that acquiring a dog for guarding is legally permissible, as is acquiring a dog for hunting or for protecting the harvest and livestock.  [5:362]

Fadi Qutub
Amman , Jordan

 

قال الإمام ابن قدامة المقدسي (رحمه الله تعالى) في المغـني: (4/173)

( 3158 ) فَصْلٌ : وَلَا يَجُوزُ اقْتِنَاءُ الْكَلْبِ , إلَّا كَلْبَ الصَّيْدِ , أَوْ كَلْبَ مَاشِيَةٍ , أَوْ حَرْثٍ ; لِمَا رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ , عَنْ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنَّهُ قَالَ { : مَنْ اتَّخَذَ كَلْبًا إلَّا كَلْبَ صَيْدٍ أَوْ مَاشِيَةٍ أَوْ زَرْعٍ , نَقَصَ مِنْ أَجْرِهِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ قِيرَاطٌ }[متفق عليه مع بقية الستة]

في الهندية: (5/362)

وَفِي الْأَجْنَاسِ لَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَتَّخِذَ كَلْبًا إلَّا أَنْ يَخَافَ مِنْ اللُّصُوصِ أَوْ غَيْرِهِمْ وَكَذَا الْأَسَدُ وَالْفَهْدُ وَالضَّبُعُ وَجَمِيعُ السِّبَاعِ وَهَذَا قِيَاسُ قَوْلِ أَبِي يُوسُفَ رحمه الله تعالى كَذَا فِي الْخُلَاصَةِ . وَيَجِبُ أَنْ يَعْلَمَ بِأَنَّ اقْتِنَاءَ الْكَلْبِ لِأَجْلِ الْحَرَسِ جَائِزٌ شَرْعًا وَكَذَلِكَ اقْتِنَاؤُهُ لِلِاصْطِيَادِ مُبَاحٌ وَكَذَلِكَ اقْتِنَاؤُهُ لِحِفْظِ الزَّرْعِ وَالْمَاشِيَةِ جَائِزٌ كَذَا فِي الذَّخِيرَةِ